classroomio/packages/utils/src/validation

Validation Schemas

Shared validation schemas for ClassroomIO workspace using Zod with convention-based translations.

Structure

Each entity has its own folder with entity-specific schemas:

validation/
├── course/
│   ├── course.ts      # Course validation schemas
│   └── index.ts       # Re-exports
├── mail/
│   ├── mail.ts        # Email validation schemas
│   └── index.ts       # Re-exports
├── constants.ts       # Shared constants
├── index.ts           # Main entry point
├── README.md          # This file
└── USAGE.md           # Detailed usage guide

Quick Start

Import Schemas

// Import from main module
import { ZCourseClone, TCourseClone } from '@cio/utils/validation';

// Import from entity module
import { ZEmailData } from '@cio/utils/validation/mail';

Backend Usage (API)

Schemas are used without custom error messages - just validation rules:

import { ZCourseClone } from '@cio/utils/validation';
import { zValidator } from '@hono/zod-validator';

export const cloneRouter = new Hono().post('/', zValidator('json', ZCourseClone), async (c) => {
  const data = c.req.valid('json'); // Fully typed!
  // ... handle validated data
});

Frontend Usage (Dashboard)

Use the error mapper to get translated messages:

import { ZEmailData } from '@cio/utils/validation/mail';
import { mapZodErrorsToTranslations } from '$lib/utils/validation';

let formData = { to: '', subject: '', content: '' };
let errors: Record<string, string> = {};

function handleSubmit() {
  const result = ZEmailData.safeParse(formData);

  if (!result.success) {
    // Automatically maps to translations using convention
    errors = mapZodErrorsToTranslations(result.error);
    return;
  }

  // Use validated data
  doSomething(result.data);
}

Translation Convention

We use convention-based translation keys to avoid hardcoding messages in schemas.

How It Works

Schemas are clean with no custom error messages:

// ✅ Clean schema (in @cio/utils)
export const ZEmailData = z.object({
  to: z.string().email(), // No message
  subject: z.string().min(1), // No message
  content: z.string().min(10) // No message
});

Frontend maps errors to translations using this convention:

validations.{fieldName}.{errorCode}

Example Translation Keys

Field	Validation	Error Code	Translation Key
to	.email()	invalid_string	validations.to.invalid_email
subject	.min(1)	too_small	validations.subject.too_small
username	.min(3)	too_small	validations.username.too_small
username	.max(20)	too_big	validations.username.too_big

Translation File Example

{
  "validations": {
    "to": {
      "invalid_email": "Invalid email address",
      "invalid_type": "Email is required"
    },
    "subject": {
      "too_small": "Subject is required"
    },
    "username": {
      "too_small": "Username must be at least 3 characters",
      "too_big": "Username cannot exceed 20 characters"
    },
    "generic": {
      "required": "This field is required",
      "invalid_email": "Invalid email address",
      "too_small_string": "Must be at least {min} characters"
    }
  }
}

Benefits

✅ Single Source of Truth - Schema defined once, used everywhere
✅ No Duplication - Don't reimplement schemas in frontend
✅ Flexible - Add specific translations or use generic fallbacks
✅ Multilingual - Easy to translate without touching schemas
✅ Maintainable - Change schema once, translations adapt automatically

Common Error Codes

Zod Error	When It Occurs
too_small	String too short, number too small, array too few items
too_big	String too long, number too large, array too many items
invalid_email	Invalid email format (from .email())
invalid_url	Invalid URL format (from .url())
invalid_type	Wrong type (e.g., undefined when string expected)
invalid_enum_value	Value not in allowed options

Naming Convention

• Schemas: Prefixed with Z (e.g., ZCourseClone)
• Types: Prefixed with T (e.g., TCourseClone)
• Translation Keys: Follow pattern validations.{field}.{errorCode}

Adding New Validations

1. Create Schema in Utils Package

// packages/utils/src/validation/lesson/lesson.ts
import * as z from 'zod';

/**
 * Lesson Create Validation Schema
 * Used for creating new lessons
 *
 * Translation keys:
 * - validations.title.too_small
 * - validations.duration.too_small
 */
export const ZLessonCreate = z.object({
  title: z.string().min(1), // Clean - no message
  duration: z.number().min(1) // Clean - no message
});
export type TLessonCreate = z.infer<typeof ZLessonCreate>;

// validation/lesson/index.ts
export * from './lesson';

2. Export from Main Module

// packages/utils/src/validation/index.ts
export * from './course';
export * from './mail';
export * from './lesson'; // Add this

3. Use in API

// apps/api/src/routes/lesson/create.ts
import { ZLessonCreate } from '@cio/utils/validation/lesson';
import { zValidator } from '@hono/zod-validator';

export const lessonRouter = new Hono().post('/', zValidator('json', ZLessonCreate), async (c) => {
  const data = c.req.valid('json');
  // ... create lesson
});

4. Add Translations in Frontend

// apps/dashboard/src/lib/utils/translations/en.json
{
  "validations": {
    "title": {
      "too_small": "Title is required",
      "too_big": "Title is too long"
    },
    "duration": {
      "too_small": "Duration must be at least 1 minute"
    }
  }
}

5. Use in Frontend Form

// apps/dashboard/src/lib/components/LessonForm.svelte
import { ZLessonCreate } from '@cio/utils/validation/lesson';
import { mapZodErrorsToTranslations } from '$lib/utils/validation';

let formData = { title: '', duration: 0 };
let errors = {};

function handleSubmit() {
  const result = ZLessonCreate.safeParse(formData);

  if (!result.success) {
    errors = mapZodErrorsToTranslations(result.error);
    // errors.title = "Title is required" (translated)
    return;
  }

  createLesson(result.data);
}

Best Practices

1. Keep Schemas Clean - No Error Messages

Schemas should contain only validation rules, no custom messages:

// ✅ Good - Clean schema
export const ZUserProfile = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  username: z.string().min(3).max(20)
});

// ❌ Bad - Hardcoded messages
export const ZUserProfile = z.object({
  email: z.string().email('Invalid email'), // Don't do this
  username: z.string().min(3, 'Too short') // Don't do this
});

// ❌ Bad - Translated messages in schema
export const ZUserProfile = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(t.get('validations.email')) // Don't do this
});

Why? Schemas are shared between backend (no translations) and frontend (with translations). Keep them clean and universal.

2. Always Export Types

export const ZCourseClone = z.object({
  /* ... */
});
export type TCourseClone = z.infer<typeof ZCourseClone>;

3. Document Schemas with Translation Keys

Help frontend developers know which translation keys to add:

/**
 * User Profile Validation Schema
 * Used for updating user profile information
 *
 * Translation keys (convention-based):
 * - validations.email.invalid_email
 * - validations.username.too_small
 * - validations.username.too_big
 * - validations.bio.too_big
 */
export const ZUserProfile = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  username: z.string().min(3).max(20),
  bio: z.string().max(500).optional()
});
export type TUserProfile = z.infer<typeof ZUserProfile>;

4. Use Descriptive Field Names

Field names become part of translation keys, so use clear names:

// ✅ Good - Clear field names
z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  fullName: z.string().min(5),
  phoneNumber: z.string().min(10)
});
// Translation keys: validations.email.*, validations.fullName.*, validations.phoneNumber.*

// ❌ Bad - Unclear field names
z.object({
  e: z.string().email(),
  fn: z.string().min(5),
  ph: z.string().min(10)
});
// Translation keys: validations.e.*, validations.fn.*, validations.ph.* (unclear!)

5. Group Related Validations

Keep related schemas together in the same entity folder:

// validation/user/user.ts
export const ZUserCreate = z.object({
  /* ... */
});
export const ZUserUpdate = z.object({
  /* ... */
});
export const ZUserProfile = z.object({
  /* ... */
});

6. Don't Duplicate Schemas

Never reimplement schemas in the frontend:

// ❌ Bad - Reimplementing in frontend
// apps/dashboard/src/schemas/user.ts
export const userSchema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(t.get('validations.email.invalid'))
  // ... duplicating from @cio/utils
});

// ✅ Good - Import and use error mapper
import { ZUserProfile } from '@cio/utils/validation/user';
import { mapZodErrorsToTranslations } from '$lib/utils/validation';

const result = ZUserProfile.safeParse(data);
if (!result.success) {
  errors = mapZodErrorsToTranslations(result.error);
}