classroomio/packages/db

@cio/db

This package handles everything related to the database, schema, migrations and connection.

Stack

1. Postgres - We use postgres for the database
2. Drizzle ORM - For managing and querying the database
3. Better Auth - For managing the auth tables (users, account, session).

Workflow

We used Supabase in the past for managing the supabase but have now moved on to use postgres directly and auth managed by our backend. This means the workflow is a mix of the Database First approach (Option 1) and the Codebase First approach (Option 2). Learn more about each approach from the drizzle migration docs.

Here is how I do it:

1. Local DB to Drizzle Schema TS file

I have a postgres tool where I can make changes to the db as I want. I am not so familiar with drizzle that much so I am sticking with this for now.

```bash
pnpm db pull # this does sql -> drizzle ts code
```

2. Drizzle Schema file to Prod SQL

Now when I am ready to deploy the feature, I can use option 2 which is makes the typescript schema the source of truth. This command will only run on CI on every merge on a condition that there was a change to the schema file packages/db/src/schema.ts

```bash
pnpm db push # this does drizzle ts code to prod db
```

OR

I can make changes directly to the schema file and run pnpm db push to push the changes to the source db.

Setting up a new DB on Railway

Once you setup a Postgres DB on Railway, you should copyt the DATABASE_PUBLIC_URL and paste into your .env. In the .env we expect DATABASE_URL:

```.env
DATABASE_URL=what-you-copied-from-railway
```

Commands

db:setup

Prepares the database so the application can run. Run this for new databases or after provisioning Postgres.

pnpm db:setup

It performs three steps in order:

1. Schema sync – Runs drizzle-kit push to apply the TypeScript schema to the database (creates/updates tables, enums, etc.).
2. PostgreSQL roles – Creates the authenticated and anon roles if missing (used by RLS policies).
3. Essential seed data – Inserts required reference data: roles (ADMIN, TUTOR, STUDENT), submission statuses, and question types.

Optional: Add --seed (or -s) to run the full seed, including demo users, organizations, courses, and other example data.

Requires DATABASE_URL or PRIVATE_DATABASE_URL in the environment. The scripts load .env from this package directory, so bootstrap it once from the template:

cp .env.example .env   # then set DATABASE_URL for your DB

db:backfill-profile-email-verification

Repairs stale profile.is_email_verified rows where the auth user is already verified (user.email_verified = true) or has a linked OAuth/SSO account, but the profile flag was never synced. Use after the auth/profile verification mismatch fix, or when users are blocked by the verify-email modal while send-verification-email returns EMAIL_IS_ALREADY_VERIFIED.

Dry run (lists affected count and a sample; makes no changes):

pnpm db:backfill-profile-email-verification
# or from repo root:
pnpm --filter @cio/db db:backfill-profile-email-verification

Apply updates:

pnpm db:backfill-profile-email-verification -- --execute

The script prints how many profiles were updated and verifies zero mismatches remain.

Seeding

The seed script populates the database with demo data for local development. It is idempotent — running it multiple times is safe; existing records are skipped.

Run all seeds

pnpm seed
# or explicitly
pnpm seed --all

Run individual seeds

Pass one or more flags to run only specific steps:

pnpm seed --users --profiles
pnpm seed --organizations --organization-members --organization-plan

Flag	What it seeds
--roles	ADMIN, TUTOR, STUDENT roles
--submissions	Submission statuses
--question-types	Question types
--users	Auth users (from users.json)
--profiles	User profiles
--accounts	User accounts
--organizations	Demo organizations
--organization-members	Org membership records
--organization-plan	Organization plan records (enterprise + early adopter)
--groups	Course groups
--group-members	Group membership records
--courses	Demo courses
--sections	Course sections
--lessons	Lessons
--exercises	Exercises
--questions	Questions
--templates	Exercise templates

Demo accounts

Email	Password	Role	Plan
[email protected]	123456	Admin	Basic (free)
[email protected]	123456	Student	Basic (free)
[email protected]	123456	Admin	Enterprise
[email protected]	123456	Student	Enterprise
[email protected]	123456	Admin	Early Adopter
[email protected]	123456	Student	Early Adopter

Mock user credentials are defined in users.json. The demo accounts above use the password 123456.